A surge in Cyclospora infections in the United States has put lettuce and other salad greens under the spotlight, with investigators probing whether contaminated produce is behind the growing outbreak. While health officials are yet to officially confirm a single source, fresh lettuce supplied to some Taco Bell restaurants has emerged as a key focus of the investigation.

According to reports, shredded iceberg lettuce supplied by Taylor Farms and served at select Taco Bell outlets has been linked to a regional multistate outbreak of cyclosporiasis. The affected locations are concentrated across Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia and Kentucky, although investigators believe the produce may have reached other places as well.

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported nearly 7,000 Cyclospora cases that are either confirmed or under investigation since May 1. Confirmed infections are already more than six times higher than they were during the same period last year, with at least 141 hospitalisations recorded. Health authorities say the cluster across the four Midwestern states includes at least 400 cases and could become the largest Cyclospora outbreak ever documented in the US.

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Despite the spike in infections, officials caution that not every reported illness has been definitively linked to the same source. However, the sharp rise in cases strongly suggests that a majority are connected to the ongoing outbreak.

What is Cyclospora?

Cyclospora is a microscopic parasite called Cyclospora cayetanensis that infects the intestines and causes an illness known as cyclosporiasis. People usually become infected after consuming food or water contaminated with the parasite, most commonly raw fruits and vegetables.

Unlike many foodborne illnesses, Cyclospora is not typically spread directly from one person to another because the parasite requires time outside the human body before it becomes infectious.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms generally appear about a week after exposure and may include:

  • Frequent watery diarrhoea
  • Stomach cramps
  • Bloating
  • Nausea
  • Fatigue
  • Loss of appetite
  • Unintentional weight loss

Without treatment, the illness can last for several weeks or return even after symptoms improve. Persistent diarrhoea may also lead to dehydration, especially in young children, older adults and people with weakened immune systems.

Should you avoid salads?

Health experts do not recommend giving up salads altogether. Although lettuce and other leafy greens are being investigated, no blanket warning has been issued against consuming fresh produce.

For most people, the overall risk remains low. Instead of avoiding salads entirely, experts recommend following safe food handling practices to reduce the risk of foodborne illness.

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How can you reduce the risk?

Health experts recommend:

  • Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly under running water.
  • Refrigerate fresh produce soon after washing.
  • Peel fruits and vegetables whenever practical.
  • Choose whole, undamaged heads of lettuce instead of bruised or torn leaves.
  • Cook vegetables when possible, as heat is the most effective way to destroy the parasite.

It is important to note that while washing produce helps remove dirt and some germs, it may not completely eliminate Cyclospora. Anyone experiencing prolonged diarrhoea or signs of dehydration should seek medical attention promptly.

(Disclaimer: This article is a curated news explainer based on publicly available information available at the time of writing. It is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice or a substitute for official public health guidance.)