Kathmandu (Nepal): A symbol from Japanese anime has emerged as the unlikely emblem of Nepal’s Gen-Z protests against government corruption and censorship, as at least 19 people were killed and hundreds injured in violent clashes. Demonstrators, predominantly students and young activists, flooded the streets of Kathmandu and other cities, calling for free speech, accountability and Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli’s resignation. Amid the turmoil, the black-and-white Jolly Roger of the Straw Hat Pirates from ‘One Piece’ has become a rallying point for protestors determined to challenge oppression.

The protests, which began on September 8, escalated after the government imposed a sweeping ban on 26 major social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, YouTube and X. The ban, justified by the government as necessary to combat fake news, hate speech and online fraud, was widely perceived as an attack on free expression and a move toward censorship. Protesters quickly denounced the action, chanting slogans, and raising the Straw Hat Pirates’ flag as a bold statement of resistance.

Social media ban sparks outrage

The government’s move to block social media platforms disrupted education, businesses and communication, triggering widespread frustration among young people. Authorities also demanded that platforms register with the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology to comply with local laws, but critics argued that this would only further restrict freedom.

Thousands of students gathered outside the parliament building in Kathmandu on Monday, raising placards demanding an end to censorship and corruption. Police responded with water cannons, tear gas and live rounds, intensifying the unrest. By day’s end, hospitals confirmed at least 19 fatalities and more than 400 injuries across the country.

The government reversed the ban that same night following an emergency cabinet meeting. Prime Minister Oli expressed regret over the violence and announced financial support and free medical treatment for those injured. However, the protests continued, with demonstrators insisting on systemic reforms and Oli’s resignation.

Straw hat pirates’ flag: From fiction to protest symbol

As demonstrators poured into the streets, one image stood out: a black flag bearing a skull in a straw hat with crossed bones beneath it. This is the iconic Jolly Roger of the Straw Hat Pirates from ‘One Piece’, the best-selling manga series created by Eiichiro Oda in 1997. The franchise, now a global phenomenon including anime adaptations, films and a hit series on Netflix, follows the adventures of Monkey D Luffy and his crew as they battle corrupt governments and challenge authoritarian control.

The flag’s association with freedom, rebellion and standing up to oppressive forces has resonated deeply with Nepal’s youth, many of whom see their struggle reflected in the pirates’ battle against unjust rulers. Protesters say the emblem signals their refusal to be silenced. “#WAKEUPNEPAL” and “UNMUTE YOUR VOICE” placards were seen alongside the Straw Hat flag at rallies.

This is not the first time the emblem has been used as a protest symbol. In August, truck drivers in Indonesia raised the same flag during anti-government demonstrations ahead of the country’s Independence Day. The Indonesian government condemned the move, warning it risked dividing the nation and undermining the national flag itself.

Political fallout and government resignations

The protests have exposed deep cracks within Nepal’s political leadership. Home Minister Ramesh Lekhak resigned after widespread condemnation of the police’s violent tactics. Agriculture Minister Ramnath Adhikari also stepped down, calling it a “moral obligation” after witnessing how the government treated younger citizens.

The crisis culminated in Prime Minister Oli’s resignation after protestors stormed the parliament building, set fire to parts of the structure and entered his office shouting anti-government slogans. In his resignation letter, Oli stated, "I have resigned from the post of prime minister with effect from today... in order to take further steps towards a political solution and resolution of the problems."

(With inputs from agencies)