London: The revered and visually striking tradition of Swan Upping, the British Crown's annual census of the Mute Swan population on the River Thames, commenced on Monday, July 14, 2025. This five-day ceremonial survey, steeped in centuries of history, continues to play a vital role in modern swan conservation efforts

What is Swan Upping?

Swan Upping is a unique and ancient five-day annual census conducted on specific stretches of the River Thames in England. It involves the Crown and two historic Livery Companies of the City of London – the Worshipful Company of Vintners and the Worshipful Company of Dyers – who jointly hold traditional rights over the swans in these waters.

A glimpse into its Royal history

The tradition of Swan Upping dates back to the 12th century, a time when swans were a valuable food source, particularly reserved for royal banquets and feasts. Historically, the British Crown claimed ownership of all unmarked Mute Swans in open waters across the country. In the 15th century, rights of ownership over some Thames swans were granted to the Vintners and Dyers guilds. While their culinary days are long past and swans are now a legally protected species, the census persists as a poignant link to England's royal past.

Modern purpose: Conservation and health check

Today, Swan Upping serves far more than just ceremonial duties. Its primary purpose is to conduct a thorough health check and accurate population assessment of the Thames' mute swans, with a particular focus on the vulnerable cygnets (young swans). The data gathered is crucial for conservation efforts.

A veterinary team accompanies the expedition to assess the birds' overall health, check for injuries – often caused by discarded fishing tackle – and identify any signs of disease. The cygnets are also weighed and measured, and those belonging to the Vintners and Dyers are ringed for identification. This meticulous examination helps to monitor the health of the swan population and address threats like pollution, vandalism, and the persistent challenge of avian flu.

The conduct of the census: "All Up!"

The process is meticulously traditional. Led by the King's Swan Marker, David Barber, a team of specially selected oarsmen known as "Swan Uppers" set off in traditional wooden skiffs. They are easily identifiable by their distinctive uniforms: scarlet for the King's contingent, white for the Worshipful Company of Vintners, and blue-striped for the Worshipful Company of Dyers.

Upon spotting a family of swans, the Swan Uppers shout the traditional cry, "All up!" and expertly encircle the birds. Each swan and cygnet is then carefully lifted from the water by hand for examination before being gently released back into the river. This blend of ancient custom and careful handling defines the unique character of the census.