Thiruvananthapuram: In response to alarming reports of child deaths linked to cough syrups in other states, the Kerala Health Department has issued new technical guidelines for treating cough in children. The directive outlines strict protocols for prescribing and dispensing medications, with special emphasis on safety and quality control.

The move comes after a three-member expert panel studied the issue, and the state-specific guidelines were prepared based on its recommendations.

It is aimed at improving paediatric respiratory care and preventing misuse of cough medications.

Strict monitoring on medicines, dosage & dispensing

According to the new guidelines, pharmacists must strictly follow directions issued by the Kerala Drugs Controller in its circular dated October 4, 2025. Healthcare providers must verify that all medicines are unexpired and procured from certified manufacturers with valid quality assurance.

The health department has emphasised age-based caution in administering cough syrups:

Children under 2 years: Cough syrups should not be used.

Ages 2 to 5: Use generally discouraged unless specifically prescribed and monitored.

Above 5 years: Syrups may be used in small doses and for short durations, only after clinical evaluation.

The health department emphasised that all cough syrups distributed at healthcare centres must comply with manufacturing standards and be free from harmful contaminants such as Diethylene Glycol (DEG) and Ethylene Glycol (EG).

Public advised to avoid self-medication

The department also issued a public advisory urging parents to avoid self-medication.

 

Cough is not a disease but a symptom, and self-medication should be avoided, the Health Department advised.

"Do not demand cough syrups or formulations; use them only on the advice of a paediatric specialist. Do not use leftover medicines or expired prescriptions. A medicine prescribed for one child should not be given to another without consulting a paediatrician," the statement said.

"In children with cough, if there is chest pain, difficulty breathing, blood in sputum, excessive fatigue, seizures, cyanosis, or altered consciousness, contact a paediatrician immediately. Medicines prescribed by a doctor should be used only in the specified dose and for the prescribed duration," it added.

Health Minister Veena George said the guidelines are comprehensive and apply to doctors, pharmacists, health workers, and the public alike.