New Delhi: Researchers at the National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, have patented an innovative low-cost technology designed to maximise power extraction from solar panels, even under changing weather conditions.

The new system responds quickly to fluctuations in sunlight and temperature, ensuring the solar panels maintain peak efficiency while avoiding power fluctuations, officials said. The technology has been developed under the Clean Energy Research Initiative (CERI) and is supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST). The patent is titled "Method and System For Voltage Sensor-based Maximum Power Point Tracking For Photovoltaic System."

According to Susovon Samanta, Associate Professor in Electrical Engineering at NIT Rourkela, solar panels generate electricity by converting sunlight into power, but their output fluctuates throughout the day due to changes in temperature and sunlight intensity. To ensure the panels consistently generate maximum energy, a technique called Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is used. This system adjusts the voltage and current based on sunlight and temperature changes.

"The system continuously monitors the solar panel's output and makes small adjustments to keep it operating at peak efficiency, which minimises energy waste," Samanta explained. "Traditional MPPT methods can result in energy wastage and are slow to react to changes in weather conditions. They also require expensive current sensors, making them less affordable for low-cost solar setups."

To address these issues, the team has developed a voltage sensor-based MPPT method that eliminates the need for costly current sensors. This reduces system complexity and cost. Their approach uses a simple voltage sensor or a resistor divider circuit to track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) more accurately, while ensuring stable and efficient performance. This innovation results in better tracking efficiency and improved energy harvesting from photovoltaic systems.

"The new method ensures stable and efficient power extraction, even during small fluctuations in power, which older systems struggle with," Samanta said. "It also reacts quickly to changes in sunlight and temperature, ensuring that the system remains at peak efficiency. Moreover, by using only a voltage sensor or resistor divider circuit, we reduce the complexity and cost of the system. Its adaptable design makes it suitable for various solar power setups, making it a versatile solution for many applications."

The researchers believe this innovation could have significant implications for the renewable energy sector. By eliminating the need for expensive current sensors, it lowers costs, making it particularly suited for affordable, small-scale solar projects. The new technology could be used in solar-powered Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as weather sensors and remote communication towers, where reliable energy output is essential.

Samanta also highlighted that the technology could benefit affordable consumer solar products like home lighting systems, portable solar chargers, and microgrid or off-grid energy solutions, particularly in remote or rural areas where a stable power source is critical.