India's new criminal laws came into effect from July 1. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) replace the British-era Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure and Indian Evidence Act. The new legal provisions bring several important changes, such as preliminary inquiries, electronic FIRs (e-FIRs), electronic chargesheets (e-chargesheets) and Zero FIRs. These changes are designed to improve the transparency and accessibility of the justice system. 

What is an e-FIR?

An e-FIR allows victims or witnesses to file a complaint online. It not only makes the process simple, but faster as compared to the originally followed methods. 

How you can file an e-FIR?

1. Every police department has an official website; the applicant has to visit the website's home page.

2. Navigate to the 'Citizen Services' section.

3. Choose the relevant option for filing an FIR or click on the complaint tab.

4. Register by entering your name, email ID, and mobile number.

5. Fill in the necessary details for the complaint.

6. Verify the information and click on the submit button to send the request.

7. A copy of the e-FIR will be sent to your email for confirmation.

What is an e-Chargesheet?

An e-chargesheet is a digital version of the chargesheet that is filed by the police upon completion of an investigation. It includes details of the investigation, the evidence collected and the charges against the accused. This digital approach aims to expedite the legal process by reducing paperwork and enhancing transparency.

What is a Zero FIR?

A Zero FIR enables any police station to file a complaint regardless of the jurisdiction where the crime occurred. This is useful for serious crimes that require prompt action and support for victims, particularly those who are vulnerable like women, children and people with disabilities. The Zero FIR can then be transferred to the appropriate police station for further investigation.

Not just these, the newly-introduced criminal laws offer several other benefits. These include: 

1. Priority is given to crimes against women and children, with mandatory completion of investigations within two months. This prompts speedy resolution of cases. 

2. It provides free first aid or medical treatment for victims of crimes may it be women or children.

3. Victims can track their case. They can receive regular updates on the progress of their cases, ensuring transparency and engagement.

4. It has mandated forensic expert visits and videography at crime scenes to prevent evidence tampering.

5. Paperwork and legal proceedings can be avoided. Summons will be served electronically.

6. It has mandatory witness protection schemes which ensure their safety and cooperation.