India’s hopes for Oscar glory in 2025 were dented as Kiran Rao’s Laapataa Ladies, the country’s official entry for the Best International Feature Film category, failed to make it to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' (AMPAS) shortlist announced on Wednesday. This setback has once again sparked a heated debate over why Indian films struggle to make a mark in this prestigious category.

Selection process under scrutiny

The Film Federation of India (FFI), tasked with selecting India’s official Oscar entry, has often faced criticism for its choices. Laapataa Ladies was selected over All We Imagine As Light, a film that had already gained recognition after winning the Grand Prix at Cannes. Critics questioned whether India is consistently choosing films with the best chance of succeeding internationally. This is not the first time such debates have been raised, similar controversies have surrounded the selection of The Good Road over the globally acclaimed The Lunchbox in 2013 and Last Film Show over the international hit RRR in 2022.

Critics argue that the FFI’s focus on culturally specific narratives, rather than universally appealing themes, may be limiting India’s chances of Oscar success. While films that explore local contexts are important, they may not always resonate with the diverse, international voting members of the Academy.

The cost of an Oscar campaign

Oscar campaigning is a costly affair, and the financial burden is another major challenge for Indian filmmakers. Securing a nomination requires extensive marketing efforts, including advertisements in prestigious trade publications and organising private screenings for Academy members. The cost of these efforts can easily exceed $50,000 (₹ 42,45,500), a substantial sum that is often out of reach for independent filmmakers. Without the backing of major studios or production houses, Indian films struggle to make the necessary impact to catch the attention of Academy voters.

Global competition and logistical issues

The Best International Feature Film category is one of the most competitive, with over 90 countries submitting their best films. Films that succeed in this category often have strong showings at major international festivals like Cannes, Venice and Toronto, where they build early momentum and visibility. All We Imagine As Light, which had already garnered global attention, seemed poised for success, but was bypassed in favour of Laapataa Ladies.

Moreover, Indian films often face logistical challenges, including late entry into the race and a lack of strategic campaigning. Timing plays a crucial role, as films that gain early buzz and attention among Academy voters have a distinct advantage. Unfortunately, Indian films tend to miss these critical windows, which further hampers their chances of success.