Every year on March 24, World Tuberculosis Day is observed to raise awareness about tuberculosis, a disease that continues to affect millions across the world. While medical science has made significant progress, misconceptions and stigma around TB still prevent many people from seeking timely diagnosis and treatment.

Myth: Tuberculosis cannot be cured

A widely held belief is that TB is incurable. However, doctors state that with early detection and the correct course of medication, tuberculosis can be completely cured. Following the full treatment plan is essential for recovery.

Myth: TB only affects the lungs

While pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common form, the infection is not limited to the lungs. Health experts note that TB can also affect other parts of the body such as the brain, spine, lymph nodes and various organs. This form is known as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Myth: Tuberculosis is a disease of the past

Many believe that tuberculosis no longer exists as a major health concern. However, doctors point out that TB remains one of the leading infectious diseases worldwide, with India carrying a large share of cases. It is still very much a present-day public health issue.

Myth: Only certain people are at risk

Although factors such as malnutrition, smoking and low immunity can increase the risk, experts emphasise that tuberculosis can affect anyone who is exposed to the bacteria, regardless of their background.

Myth: The BCG vaccine offers complete protection

The BCG vaccine is often seen as a complete safeguard against tuberculosis. However, experts explain that while it provides some protection, especially in children, it does not guarantee lifelong immunity.

Myth: TB spreads through touch or food

There is a common misunderstanding that tuberculosis spreads through sharing food, utensils or physical contact. In reality, doctors clarify that TB is an infectious disease that spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Myth: Tuberculosis is hereditary

Another misconception is that TB runs in families. Doctors clarify that tuberculosis is not a genetic condition. It spreads through bacteria in the air and is not passed down through genes.

Myth: You can stop treatment once you feel better

Some patients stop taking medication once symptoms improve. Doctors warn that even if symptoms disappear early, stopping treatment midway can lead to drug-resistant tuberculosis, which is much more difficult and dangerous to treat.

Myth: TB patients must stay isolated

Because TB is infectious, patients often feel the need to isolate themselves. However, experts explain that once treatment begins, patients quickly become non-infectious and can return to normal life while taking necessary precautions. Isolation often adds to stigma rather than helping recovery.

TB does not discriminate

There is a belief that tuberculosis mainly affects people from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Doctors highlight that this is not true. Modern lifestyles, stress and weakened immunity can increase the risk for anyone, regardless of where they live or their financial status.