The Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB), in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, has initiated India’s first large-scale field-level pilot project on Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. The project seeks to link electric vehicles (EVs) with renewable energy systems by storing electricity generated during solar hours in EV batteries and feeding it back to the grid during periods of high demand.

The V2G project will unfold in two phases. The first phase will comprise a comprehensive feasibility study examining technical and regulatory issues. The second phase will involve the physical implementation of a pilot V2G system through KSEB’s electricity distribution network.

This initiative is aimed at addressing several grid challenges, including peak shaving, frequency regulation, rooftop solar integration, and demand response optimisation.

EVs as decentralised energy assets

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology enables EVs to return electricity to the grid when idle and connected to a bi-directional charger. This transforms them into decentralised storage units that support power supply stability.

In charging mode—Grid to Vehicle (G2V)—EVs function as loads, where Time of Use (ToU) tariffs and smart charging can regulate grid impact. In discharging mode, EVs act as distributed energy resources, feeding power back into the system.

V2G sits alongside other energy-sharing innovations such as Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), although it remains the most significant among them.

Global momentum and emergency utility

V2G is already making headway in developed EV markets through pilot projects involving both cars and electric buses. In some locations, users receive compensation for providing electricity during peak hours, particularly where renewable energy use is extensive.

Beyond regular use, V2G-capable EVs serve as emergency power sources, proving essential in disaster-prone regions. As climate risks intensify, more governments and utilities are turning to V2G to improve grid reliability and maintain energy access during crises.