Kozhikode: A new case of amoebic meningoencephalitis has been confirmed in Kerala. The patient is a 13-year-old boy from Karakode in Malappuram, currently undergoing treatment at Kozhikode Medical College Hospital.

At present, 10 individuals diagnosed with the condition are receiving care at Kozhikode Medical College, though hospital authorities have stated that none of them are in critical condition. One additional patient is being treated at a private hospital.

The state recently reported a fatality due to amoebic meningoencephalitis. The deceased, Rahim from Chavakkad in Thrissur, passed away while under treatment at Kozhikode Medical College.

Amoebic meningoencephalitis is caused when amoebic pathogens such as Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba, Sappinia, Balamuthia and Vermamoeba infect the brain. The infection typically occurs in individuals who swim or dive in stagnant water. The amoeba enters the brain through microscopic openings in the nasal membrane or eardrum.

This disease has a fatality rate exceeding 97%. It is not contagious and does not spread from person to person. Symptoms usually appear within five to 10 days of exposure.

What are the symptoms?

Severe headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, neck stiffness and sensitivity to light. In children, symptoms may include refusal to eat, lethargy and abnormal behaviour. In advanced stages, memory loss, seizures and unconsciousness may occur. Immediate medical attention is critical once symptoms appear.

How to prevent?

Avoid diving or submerging the head in stagnant water. Refrain from washing the face or mouth with untreated water. Swimmers and learners should use nose clips to prevent water from entering the nasal cavity. Ensure water in swimming pools and water parks is properly chlorinated and clean. Wells should be chlorinated at regular intervals as advised by health officials, which also helps prevent hepatitis A. Swimming pools should be fully drained weekly, scrubbed thoroughly with brushes and refilled with chlorinated water. Filters must be cleaned and maintained regularly.