Tamil Nadu elections 2026: Fishermen sound alarm over falling catch, rising struggles

As the Tamil Nadu Assembly elections draw closer, fishermen across the state’s coastal districts are voicing a range of pressing concerns that directly impact their livelihoods.

The coastal belt of Tamil Nadu, including Thanjavur, Pudukkottai and Ramanathapuram, is among the most active fishing zones in the state. Tamil Nadu remains one of India’s leading producers of marine fish, with an annual output of nearly six lakh tonnes.

Despite this, traditional fishermen who operate small country boats say their catch has declined significantly in recent years. They attribute this drop to multiple challenges, including shrinking fishing areas caused by shallow waters and the proximity of the Sri Lanka maritime boundary, which makes the region particularly sensitive.

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Another major concern raised by fishermen is the operation of mechanised boats using large drag nets close to the shore. They allege that such practices are disrupting traditional fishing methods and affecting their income.

While the state government has rolled out several welfare schemes — such as subsidised diesel, housing assistance and financial support during the annual 61-day fishing ban — benefiting around 1.75 lakh fishing families, many within the community claim they are not fully receiving these benefits.

Fishermen say their income has become increasingly uncertain, making daily survival difficult. Rising operational costs, especially fuel expenses, and a lack of proper infrastructure are adding to their challenges.

They are also demanding improved seafood export infrastructure nearer to coastal districts, pointing out that transporting their catch over long distances adds to costs and reduces efficiency.

In several coastal areas, sand deposition frequently blocks the harbour mouth connecting to the sea, making navigation difficult. Fishermen warn that shallow channels often make it dangerous for boats to enter or exit the sea.

With elections approaching, major political parties have intensified outreach efforts, promising to address these livelihood concerns. The fishing community, which holds considerable political influence, is seen as a key voter group.

Tamil Nadu is home to over 10.48 lakh marine fisherfolk spread across more than 600 coastal villages. Their votes are expected to influence outcomes in nearly 60 to 70 Assembly segmants across 14 coastal districts, including Chennai.

In a sign of growing dissatisfaction, some fishermen groups have even announced plans to form their own political outfit to contest the elections, citing neglect by established parties.

Polling for the 234-member Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly is scheduled for April 23, with counting set to take place on May 4.