Hike in oral cancer cases among non-tobacco and non-alcohol users in Kerala: Study
Kochi: A recent study conducted by the Head and Neck Surgery Department at VPS Lakeshore Hospital, led by Head and Neck Surgical Oncologist Dr. Shawn T Joseph, has revealed a considerable increase in oral cancer cases among individuals who have never used tobacco or alcohol. The decade-long study, spanning from July 2014 to July 2024, analysed data from 515 patients and uncovered a concerning shift in oral cancer trends.
Traditionally, oral cancer has been strongly linked to tobacco and alcohol consumption. However, the latest findings indicate that an increasing number of non-users are being diagnosed with the disease, raising questions about other potential risk factors.
Key Findings from the Study
57% of the recently diagnosed oral cancer patients had never consumed tobacco or alcohol.
61% of cases were tongue cancer, while 19% were buccal mucosa cancer.
3% of cases were found on the floor of the mouth, another 3% on the lower alveolus and 1% on the upper alveolus.
Of the 515 patients studied, 75.5% were men and 24.5% were women.
58.9% of patients had other health conditions, with 30% suffering from multiple comorbidities, while 41.4% had no underlying health conditions.
54.7% of patients were diagnosed at an early stage, while 45.3% were diagnosed at an advanced stage.
Alarming Shift in Oral Cancer Cases
Dr. Joseph emphasised the surprising nature of these findings, saying, "Previously, the vast majority of oral cancer cases were found among tobacco users. However, the recent data indicate a dramatic shift. Today, nearly one in two oral cancer patients has never consumed tobacco, which is a shocking revelation."
Among patients with a history of addiction, 64.03% had chewed tobacco, 51.2% were smokers, and 42.3% had consumed alcohol. Additionally, 45.3% had multiple high-risk habits.
A Growing Concern in Kerala
While tobacco-related cancers remain prevalent across India, the new trend observed in Kerala is particularly concerning. In comparison to other regions where buccal mucosa cancer is more common due to tobacco use, Kerala's data indicate that 64% of oral cancer cases affect the tongue.
Dr. Shawn stressed the importance of early detection and awareness. "If you notice any persistent ulcers in your mouth lasting more than two weeks, red or white patches in the oral cavity, or unusual lumps in the head or neck area, seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis is very important while treating such cases," he said.
Given the rising number of cases among non-tobacco and non-alcoholic users, extensive research is required to determine the underlying causes. Dr. Joseph confirmed that further investigations are already underway to explore potential risk factors beyond traditional causes.