Persistent cough? Kerala doctors flag worsening post-viral cases sweeping across the state

Kannur: A persistent post-viral cough caused by various respiratory viruses is affecting thousands across the state, lasting anywhere from three to eight weeks. The illness generally occurs without a high fever but is accompanied by symptoms such as sore throat, hoarseness, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. In older adults, particularly women, severe coughing can even lead to involuntary urination.

Similar outbreaks were reported in 2023, but current cases are appearing in a more severe form. A distinguishing feature is persistent hoarseness, which does not improve over time.

The common viral causes

Viral causes include influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and, in some cases, COVID-19.

Complications observed

• Worsening of asthma in patients previously controlled with inhalers.
• Recurrence of asthma symptoms in those previously stable.
• Cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and wheezing in people without a history of asthma.
• Urinary leakage, particularly among women, is prompting the use of diapers.
• Hoarseness lasting longer than a week.

Home care and relief measures recommended by doctors

Rinsing the throat with warm salt water, drinking lukewarm water to loosen phlegm and keep the throat moist, avoiding loud talking, and staying away from smoke, dust, and cold foods are some common ways to control the situation.

When to seek medical attention

Immediate consultation is advised if symptoms persist, or if there is shortness of breath, chest pain, blood in sputum, or returning fever.

According to Dr. P S Shahjahan, Professor of Pulmonology, Government Medical College, Kollam, the primary cause of prolonged cough after a viral infection is post-viral bronchitis, which results from swelling in the bronchi. Additional factors such as post-nasal drip, overstimulation of cough nerves, asthma, acid reflux, and air pollution can contribute to persistent symptoms.

He added that blood tests and X-rays are essential to rule out other conditions. Alongside inhalers, patients may require bronchodilators and short-term steroids to manage symptoms.