‘Cholesterol-free’ or just marketing spin? The truth behind packaged foods

Walk down any supermarket aisle today, and the shelves are full of products making bold promises: “cholesterol-free,” “zero trans-fat,” “heart healthy.” For many families, these words bring comfort and reassurance. They suggest that simply choosing these foods protects the heart. Yet, as a cardiologist, I often tell patients the reality is more complex.

Why are “heart-friendly” foods everywhere?

“Heart-friendly” foods are now a common sight in India, a country where heart disease affects millions. It is understandable that people want quick, convenient options for their busy lives. Packaged items promise just that, ready to eat and labelled as good for the heart, but the reality is often different. Once the glossy wrapper is removed, the real nutritional picture often looks quite different.

What do “cholesterol-free” labels really mean?

Take the example of “cholesterol-free” labels. Most plant-based packaged snacks naturally contain no cholesterol, yet they may still be loaded with refined carbohydrates, excess salt, or hidden saturated fats — all of which raise cardiovascular risk.

Is “zero trans-fat” really zero?

The phrase “zero trans-fat” does not necessarily mean a product is free of harmful fats. In India, regulations allow foods with less than 0.2 grams of trans-fat per serving to be advertised as “zero.” If someone consumes multiple servings, the cumulative intake may still be significant.

What about “low fat” or “lite” products?

Another common ploy in food marketing is to label items as “low fat” or “lite.” These products may indeed have reduced fat, but the flavour is often maintained by adding extra sugar or salt. Too much sugar can contribute to obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver, all of which raise the risk of heart attacks and strokes. High sodium intake, meanwhile, is one of the leading contributors to high blood pressure worldwide.

Why do we need clearer labels?

This is where clearer labelling and stronger corporate accountability become essential. Consumers need clear and truthful information, not marketing claims designed solely to boost sales. Labels placed prominently on the front of a pack — showing calories, sodium, sugar, and saturated fat — can guide families toward truly heart-healthy choices.

Several countries already use warning symbols to flag foods high in risky nutrients. India has begun taking steps in this direction, but consistent enforcement and greater public awareness will decide how effective these measures become.

Can the food industry do better?

At the same time, there is a real opportunity here for the food industry to move beyond token claims. Genuine innovation in healthier packaged foods — using whole grains, plant-based proteins, and natural flavouring — can benefit both consumers and companies in the long run. People are increasingly aware of the connection between diet and heart health. Brands that respond with sincerity rather than marketing spin will build lasting trust.

What is the takeaway for individuals?

For individuals, the takeaway is simple: don’t let a single health claim on a packet replace careful reading of the full nutrition label. Whenever possible, prioritise fresh, home-cooked meals. When packaged foods are unavoidable, compare products, watch portion sizes, and balance them with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

“Heart-friendly” choices are not found in slogans but in sustained dietary habits. As doctors, we want patients to enjoy food, but also to understand that true care for the heart begins with awareness — awareness of what we put into our bodies, and awareness of how industries can shape our decisions.

- Dr PRLN Prasad is a Consultant - Interventional Cardiologist at Gleneagles BGS Hospital, Kengeri, Bengaluru