Word of the Day, January 26: ‘Republic’

Word of the day: REPUBLIC
Pronunciation: re·pub·lic   UK/rɪˈpʌb.lɪk/  and   US/rəˈpʌb.lɪk/

Meaning:

A republic is a form of government in which power rests with the people and their elected representatives, rather than with a monarch. 

Origin and History:

The word "republic" comes from the Latin phrase res publica, meaning "public thing," "public matter," or "public affair," highlighting that the state is a concern of the people, not a private possession. This term evolved from the ancient Roman Republic, a system where power rested with citizens who elected representatives, differing from monarchies where a king rules.

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Cultural significance and modern usage:

• Republic Day signifies the day India adopted its own constitution, replacing the Government of India Act (1935), which symbolises the ultimate power resting with the people rather than a monarch.
• The Republic Day parade, particularly at the Kartavya Path in New Delhi, showcases tableaux from 28 states and 8 union territories, highlighting diverse cultural traditions, folk art, and regional heritage.
• It is a day to honor the sacrifices of freedom fighters and the vision of the founding fathers, such as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who drafted the Constitution.
• The central event is the parade in New Delhi, which features military strength (defense capabilities) and cultural floats from various states, reflecting both tradition and progress.
•  Schools and colleges celebrate by organising flag hoisting, cultural programmes, and debates on the Constitution, fostering patriotism in younger generations.
• The government will present prestigious awards, such as the Padma Awards and gallantry medals, to civilians and soldiers for exceptional service.

Examples from literature:

• The president of the republic sent him a telegram of condolence in which he promised an exhaustive investigation and paid homage to the dead men.- One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez
• And three years later, it became the young republic’s capital, seat of the Congress and the presidential mansion and offices.- In the Shadow of Liberty by Kenneth C. Davis
• I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.- Tears of a Tiger by Sharon M. Draper

Interesting facts:

• India is the largest republic in the world by population.
• The United States is one of the oldest continuous republics still functioning.
• Some countries are constitutional monarchies, not republics, even though they are democratic (e.g., the UK).
• Plato’s “The Republic” is one of the most famous political philosophy books, though it discusses an ideal state, not a modern republic.

Synonyms:

• Democracy
• Sovereignty
• Self-rule

Antonyms:

• Dictatorship
• Monarchy
• Tyranny

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